1615 - French King Louis XIII married Ann of Austria. They were both 14 years old.

1859 - Charles Darwin, a British naturalist, published "On the Origin of Species." It was the paper in which he explained his theory of evolution through the process of natural selection.

1863 - During the Civil War, the battle for Lookout Mountain began in Tennessee.

1871 - The National Rifle Association was incorporated in the U.S.

1903 - Clyde J. Coleman received the patent for an electric self-starter for an automobile.

1940 - Nazis closed off the Jewish ghetto in Warsaw, Poland. Over the next three years the population dropped from 350,000 to 70,000 due to starvation, disease and deportations to concentration camps.

1944 - During World War II, the first raid against the Japanese capital of Tokyo was made by land-based U.S. bombers.

1947 - The "Hollywood 10," were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to answer questions about alleged Communist influence in their industry.

1947 - John Steinbeck's novel "The Pearl" was published for the first time.

1963 - Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald live on national television.

1969 - Apollo 12 landed safely in the Pacific Ocean bringing an end to the second manned mission to the moon.

1971 - Hijacker Dan Cooper, known as D.B. Cooper, parachuted from a Northwest Airlines 727 over Washington state with $200,000 in ransom.

1983 - The Palestine Liberation Organization released six Israeli prisoners in exchange for the release of 4,500 Palestinians and Lebanese held by the Israelis.

1985 - In Malta, Egyptian commandos stormed an Egyptian jetliner. 60 people died in the raid.

1987 - The U.S. and the Soviet Union agreed to scrap short- and medium-range missiles. It was the first superpower treaty to eliminate an entire class of nuclear weapons.

1989 - Czechoslovakia's hard-line party leadership resigned after more than a week of protests against its policies.

1992 - In China, a domestic jetliner crashed, killing 141 people.

1993 - The U.S. Congress gave its final approval to the Brady handgun control bill.

1993 - Robert Thompson and Jon Venables (both 11 years old) were convicted of murdering 2-year-old James Bulger of Liverpool, England. They were both sentenced to "indefinite detention."

1995 - In Ireland, the voters narrowly approved a constitutional amendment legalizing divorce.

1996 - Rusty Wallace won the first NASCAR event to be held in Japan.

1996 - Barry Sanders (Detroit Lions) set an NFL record when he recorded his eighth straight 1,000-yard season.

1998 - AOL (America Online) announced a deal for their purchase of Netscape for $4.21 billion.

Music

1934 - Composer Alfred Schnittke was born.

1950 - The musical "Guys and Dolls" opened.

1961 - Howlin' Wolf arrived in London for his first European tour.

1972 - ABC-TV debuted "In Concert."

1985 - Singer Big Joe Turner died of a heart attack.

1991 - Eric Carr (Kiss) died of cancer at 41. Carr had joined Kiss in 1982 when founding drummer, Peter Criss, left the group.

1991 - Freddie Mercury of Queen died of AIDS complications at the age of 45.

1991 - Cyndi Lauper and David Thornton were married.

1994 - Prince performed "Peach" on the European MTV Awards. He claimed the song was a "cover tune by a good friend."

Birthdays

Zachary Taylor (U.S.) 1784

Bat Masterson 1853

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 1864

Scott Joplin 1868

Dale Carnegie 1888

Garson Kanin 1912

William F. Buckley, Jr. 1925

Johnny Carver 1940

Paul Tagliabue 1940

Pete Best 1941 - Musician (Beatles), early member of the Beatles
Today in Beatles History

Donald "Duck" Dunn (Booker T. & the MG's) 1941

Billy Connolly 1942

Lee Michaels 1945

Dwight Schultz 1947

Stanley Livingston 1950

Clem Burke (Blondie) 1955

Terry Lewis (The Time) 1956

Denise Crosby 1957

John Squire (The Stone Roses) 1962

Gary Stonadge (Big Audio) 1962

Chad Taylor (Live) 1970

Collin Hanks 1977

Katherine Heigl 1978

All information provided is purely speculation as I do not test. Use the provided information at you own risk.